地毯草黄单胞菌产黄原胶与魔芋胶复配胶的流变性

改善地毯草黄单胞菌FJAT-10151产的黄原胶的力学性能,研究黄原胶/魔芋胶复配胶的流变性,为该复配胶的开发应用提供基础数据及参考。通过分析复配比、质量浓度、pH值、加热温度、加热时间、氯化钾浓度等对黄原胶/魔芋胶复配胶黏度的影响研究其流变性。结果表明:黄原胶/魔芋胶复配胶为"非牛顿流体",最佳复配比为4∶6;复配胶的黏度随pH的增大先增大后减小,在pH 8.0时黏度最大;复配胶的黏度随加热温度的增大而先增大后减小,在60℃达到最大值;复配胶的黏度随加热时间的延长而减小;氯化钾浓度和冻融处理对复配胶的黏度都有一定程度的影响。0.5%复配胶在60℃加热30min条件下黏度为454.337Pa·s,其稠度系数为9 117。     

Genetic variation in growth and wood-quality traits of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata across three sites in south-east Queensland,Australia

Ten growth or wood-quality traits were assessed in three nearby Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV) open-pollinated family-within-provenance trials (18 provenances represented by a total of 374 families) to provide information for the development of a breeding program targeting both pulp and solid-wood products. Growth traits (diameter at breast high over bark [DBH], height and conical volume) were assessed at 3 and 7 years of age. Wood-quality traits (density [DEN], Kraft pulp yield [KPY], modulus of elasticity [MoE] and microfibril angle [MfA]) were predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy on wood samples collected from these trials when aged between 10 and 12 years. The high average KPY, DEN and MoE, and low average MfA observed indicates CCV is very suitable for both pulp and timber products. All traits were under moderate to strong genetic control. In across- trials analyses, high (>0.4) heritability estimates were observed for height, DEN, MoE and MfA, while moderate heritability estimates (0.24 to 0.34) were observed for DBH, volume and KPY. Most traits showed very low levels of genotype × site interaction. Estimated age–age genetic correlations for growth traits were strong at both the family (0.97) and provenance (0.99) levels. Relationships among traits (additive genetic correlation estimates) were favourable, with strong and positive estimates between growth traits (0.84 to 0.98), moderate and positive values between growth and wood-quality traits (0.32 to 0.68), moderate and positive between KPY and MoE (0.64), and high and positive between DEN and MoE (0.82). However, negative (but favourable) correlations were detected between MfA and all other evaluated traits (?0.31 to ?0.96). The genetic correlation between the same trait expressed on two different sites, at family level, ranged from 0.24 to 0.42 for growth traits, and from 0.29 to 0.53 for wood traits. Therefore simultaneous genetic improvement of growth and wood property traits in CCV for the target environment in south-east Queensland should be possible, given the moderate to high estimates of heritability and favourable correlations amongst all traits studied, unless genotype × site interactions are greater than was evident.     

辐照对黄原胶分子量、结构及流变性能的影响

 【目的】探讨辐照剂量对黄原胶分子量、分子量分布、结构、流变性能的影响,为辐照技术在黄原胶及其它多糖分子修饰上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以60Co-γ射线对固态黄原胶进行不同剂量 (0—400 kGy) 的辐照,采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外扫描(FTIR)、紫外-可见光扫描(UV-vis)以及流变仪等对样品的分子量、分子量分布、结构以及流变性能进行表征和测定。【结果】低于10 kGy剂量的辐照使黄原胶分子量增大,分子量分布变窄;辐照剂量高于10 kGy后,分子量随剂量增大而降低,而分子量分布先变宽,在50 kGy时达到最大后,又趋于变窄。X-射线衍射、红外及紫外分析表明,辐照造成黄原胶分子上的部分糖苷键发生断裂,引起结晶度的变化,并在链端产生少量羰基,但其基本化学结构和晶体结构保持稳定。辐照处理后,黄原胶溶液的表观黏度与剪切速率、剪切时间和温度之间的关系均发生了显著变化。【结论】γ射线可同时作用于黄原胶的结晶区和无定形区,引发聚合和降解两种辐照效应,并对其分子量、分子量分布造成显著影响,进而使其流变性能发生改变。     

魔芋胶酶解工艺条件的优化

[目的]探讨在中试条件下利用中性β-甘露聚糖酶水解魔芋胶制备低聚甘露糖的工艺条件。[方法]在单因素试验条件下,研究了利用枯草芽孢杆菌所产生的中性β-甘露聚糖酶对魔芋胶进行水解来制备低聚甘露糖的工艺条件。[结果]酶法水解魔芋胶生产低聚甘露糖时,优化的酶解条件为：pH6.0,魔芋胶浓度125g/L,酶量200IU/g魔芋胶,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间3h。[结论]该研究可极大地提高魔芋胶的附加值。     

魔芋胶生产中HACCP的应用研究

为了提高魔芋胶产品质量和安全性,对魔芋胶生产过程进行危害分析（HA）,找出生产过程控制的关键点（CCP）,并确定各CCP的控制标准、监控程序和纠偏措施,以期将生产加工过程中危害因素降到最低限度。     

口香糖的养生保健价值

口香糖自问世以来,受到全世界的广泛喜爱。文章对口香糖的养生保健价值、危害及食用注意事项做了概括,旨在使人们对口香糖有详细了解,也为全民养生提供科学资料。     

黄原胶对花生乳饮料乳化性的影响

研究黄原胶对花生乳饮料乳化性的影响。结果表明：黄原胶对花生乳饮料的乳化作用强,随黄原胶添加量的增大,花生乳的乳化性明显增强。花生乳饮料乳化性受pH值、六偏磷酸钠的影响显著,温度对乳化性影响较小。     

River red gum and white cypress forests in south-western New South Wales, Australia: Ecological history and implications for conservation of grassy woodlands

On the western rivers and plains of southern New South Wales, relatively small areas of forests remain in a semi-natural condition and conservation reserves are lacking. Severe drought stress in recent decades after two centuries of European management has raised issues about how best to manage these forests and, if necessary, restore them. The region was explored between 1817 and 1836. Settlers, foresters and ecologists described changes as Aboriginal culture was displaced, domestic stock, feral animals and exotic plants were introduced, rabbits were controlled, rivers were regulated, and grazing was reduced. The Aboriginal ecosystems were different to the new red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and white cypress (Callitris columellaris) forests which lack resilience. Trees, saplings, fallen timber, shrubs and parasitic plants have accumulated in recently ‘undisturbed’ sites and these features are now promoted as benchmarks for conservation. However, human activity including watering, thinning, firewood collection, grazing and/or burning may aid restoration whereas non-intervention may allow continuing degradation. This historical ecology and recent palaeoecology provide insights to conserving grassy woodlands globally.     

杨树芽和芽胶中化学成分的分析

为测定加杨和香杨的芽和芽胶主要成分,对其活性成分进行了定性定量分析.定性分析结果表明,芽和芽胶含有黄酮、糖类、氨基酸和蒽醌类等成分.进一步采用索氏抽提法、硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法、普鲁士蓝法、蒽酮-硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝法分别对其中粗精油、总黄酮、总酚、蛋白质、总糖、水溶性糖、多糖等进行定量分析,得出加杨芽胶粗精油含量为32.63%、总黄酮含量为33.33%、总酚含量为12.52%,香杨芽胶粗精油含量为36.73%、总黄酮含量为32.77%、总酚含量为26.39%.     

Bioadhesive Controlled Metronidazole Release Matrix Based on Chitosan and Xanthan Gum

Metronidazole, a common antibacterial drug, was incorporated into a hydrophilic polymer matrix composed of chitosan xanthan gum mixture. Hydrogel formation of this binary chitosan-xanthan gum combination was tested for its ability to control the release of metronidazole as a drug model. This preparation (MZ-CR) was characterized by in vitro, ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo bioavailability study. For comparison purposes a commercial extended release formulation of metronidazole (CMZ) was used as a reference. The in vitro drug-release profiles of metronidazole preparation and CMZ were similar in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Moreover, metronidazole preparation and CMZ showed a similar detachment force to sheep stomach mucosa, while the bioadhesion of the metronidazole preparation was higher three times than CMZ to sheep duodenum. The results of in vivo study indicated that the absorption of metronidazole from the preparation was faster than that of CMZ. Also, MZ-CR leads to higher metronidazole C_max and AUC relative to that of the CMZ. This increase in bioavailability might be explained by the bioadhesion of the preparation at the upper part of the small intestine that could result in an increase in the overall intestinal transit time. As a conclusion, formulating chitosan-xanthan gum mixture as a hydrophilic polymer matrix resulted in a superior pharmacokinetic parameters translated by better rate and extent of absorption of metronidazole.